The future of laundry technology

The future of laundry technology Laundry is a task that all households must complete. Laundry is a very broad task that encapsulates the entire process of cleaning fabric items so that they can become fresh to be worn or used again. It is a tedious process, and one which has potential for simplification. The aim of this research report is to identify The Future of Laundry: What are the main problems of the domestic laundry process? What future technologies could benefit the washing and drying of fabrics? Are there methods that can help the laundry process become more environmentally friendly? These are the main report objectives that will be researched and analysed, to then obtain conclusions which will help form the basis of a design brief and specification for a new product. There is a particular focus on the Domestic Market in More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC). A Conceptual Framework (Figure 1) has been produced to summarise the research methods that will be taken to obtain information for each of the Objectives. By the end of the report the aim is to have evident information, provided by a variety of sources and methods that should indicate the Future of Laundry. Task Analysis Before further research began it proved vital to perform a first hand laundry experience for myself. It enabled me to be fully immersed into the whole laundry procedure. Each stage of the task was broken down into its core processes. Figure x is a Task Analysis diagram that outlines the most common laundry procedures followed by consumers in UK households. A range of early conclusions and opportunities were identified from the first hand experience and Task Analysis diagram. The number of processes in the diagram highlights the lengthiness of the procedure. Procedure taken by most people is common, but there is variation in the drying process, which is dependent on climate and resources available. There is opportunity for simplification Improvements needed towards the eco-efficiency of the procedure. Its a procedure that very few people enjoy and take pride in. It could be more interactive and fun task. The process has barely changed since the early 20th Century Find out the main problems of laundry This section of the report aims to identify current weaknesses in the laundry process. The Task Analysis already performed will form the basis for User Observations. An investigation will be performed into the resource problems that may be creating a hindrance in the laundry procedure for many consumers. Finally, a look into the Psychology of Laundry provides an insight into the consumer attitudes towards the task. User Observations / Experiences Task 1 User Observations The aim is to gain a better insight into the consumer habits and the difficulties faced with the laundry procedure. A range of participants have been observed: Mother: Lives with husband and two children Elderly Person: Retired lady living with husband Student: Lives in a house with three other students Young Professional: Lives alone in a small apartment The Task Analysis Diagram (Fig x) was used to record the observations. (see Appendix x) A table has been produced to give a brief comparison on which basic tasks are performed by each participant: The Mother and Elderly Person maintain a routine time between washes. The Elderly Person washes every three days and the Mother every other day, as the dirty clothes pile up quickly. By comparison the student washes only when most of the available clean clothes have run out. The Young Professional also did not have a routine, but washed once the basket fills up. Although he did state that if a few individual items were required, then he would do a wash. It was surprising that only half of the people turn their clothes inside out during washes, which can prevent the dulling of fabrics (Housekeeping 2008). Although all participants washed colours and whites separately, possibly due to the known effects. The Student did state that she often gets confused with white clothing that has coloured detailing. None of the four people ever separated clothing according to fabric types or even delicates. When questioned, they all said that it adds complexity and is extra hassle. Only the Mother regularly pre-soaks clothing, which is because she has young children. She suggested that adding baking soda helps to lift dirt. The Elderly Person believed that new clothing should be pre-soaked on its first wash to prevent colour run. On extremely stubborn stains, the Young Professional recommended Varnish stain remover. All participants except the Student use branded detergent, as they believe it guarantees clean results. The student uses supermarket brand detergent as she believes the results are satisfactory. The Young Professional liked to use Liqui-tabs whenever doing a full wash so he is sure the correct amount of detergent is added. All participants agreed that fabric softener helps make the clothing feel softer. Most surprisingly, no-one washed delicates by hand. The Mother and Student believed that it adds extra time and wasnt necessary. None of the participants washed clothes with cold water. The Young Professional didnt think it would wash the clothing particularly well. During all of the observations, the spin speed was never adjusted or considered. The Mother and Elderly Person did not know what the benefits of the feature were. Although, the Mother very often performs an extra spin to try and extract a little more water. The drying process was an area where there was much variation. The Mother and Elderly Person both prefer to dry clothes outdoors, as it dries with a fresher smell. They both shared the same frustration though, of the unpredictable British weather. The Mother also has access to a tumble dryer, but it is in the garage. She finds it an inconvenience and is also aware of the costs related to using a tumble dryer. During the winter months, the mother makes use of the airing cupboard, and any other items are placed on the radiators. She says the clothes dry very quickly. The Young Professional makes use of the airing cupboard on odd occasions when there are a few items to dry, otherwise he makes use of the drying facililty on his washer/dryer combi. The Student tries to squeeze the majority of clothes into the airing cupboard, and the remainder onto a indoor clothes airer. As there are three other students in the same house, space is a difficulty. She said a tumble dryer in the house would be ideal. Only the mother and elderly person iron most of their clothes. The Mother said her husband usually deals with this task, so it takes the sting out of it. The Young Professional and Student try to avoid ironing, but any smart items are ironed. Task 2 Structured Interviews Dry Cleaning is a process that all participants are trying to avoid. It adds extra expenditure to the laundry process and is an inconvenience. All participants used machine washing as their core method of cleaning clothes. All the other processes were not performed as they were deemed as extra hassle and unnecessary. Its very surprising that none of the people felt the need to hand-wash delicates. The main areas in which people wish to see improvements in the laundry procedure are: Simplify the process: remove some steps Use less water Lower costs Be able to wash a smaller load of clothes without it costing the same as doing a full load. Not everyone requires a large machine The time it takes Make it more enjoyable None of the participants were aware of any environmental impacts related to the use of detergents. On hearing this, the Elderly Person suggested that measures should be taken to improve on this. She also stated that her husband suffered from skin allergies. Changing the detergent solved the issue. Nobody was happy with the costs. The Elderly Person used less than the recommended dosage to make it last longer, whilst the Young Professional only bought it when there was an offer at the supermarket. The number of varieties available was also a point of confusion. New developments gained positive reactions by all participants, although on-one was aware of new technologies. They all wanted to see improvements in the laundry process. An example of a future development is Nano-coating, and this was given to gauge a reaction. People were most concerned about how the results would compare to a normal wash using detergents, and how the textures of fabrics will be affected. The Elder Person thought the fabrics would become hard and shiny. Surprisingly, only the student mentioned concern of having to buy all new clothes. The Young Professional wanted any new developments to speed up the process and cost less. Resources Time At present, the laundry process takes far too long. This is due to the many different stages involved, as identified in the Task Analysis (sectionPgx). There is opportunity to simplify the process by removing stages. Water Problems Several laundry problems are directly related to minerals, organic matter, and other impurities in the water supply (AG Facts 1999). Water problems can affect the colouring and quality of the fabrics whilst also causing build up of soils. The most common water problem in the UK is Hard Water. It is caused by calcium and magnesium in the water. Fabrics become stiff and hard over time, and soil continues to build up because hard water does not clean as well as soft water. Much of the detergent added to the wash goes to softening the water. Adding extra detergent can compensate for, but this increases costs and causes further water pollution due to the phosphates contained in detergents. Use of heavy duty liquid detergents can solve the issue. Other water problems include rusty water, turbid water and acid rain. They all cause staining and colour disfiguration of fabrics. Across most of Europe these water problems are rectified, using relevant filters, before it reaches the main water supply in homes. Space Standard washing machines are 85cm in height and 60cm in width. This size comfortably fits beneath a kitchen work surface. Unless the consumer has a utility room in the home, the washing machine is most likely to sit within a kitchen as it is convenient for plumbing. In more compact kitchens, the washing machine tends to dominate the environment as in Figure 11. It spoils the appearance of the kitchen. A kitchen of this type is likely to be in a home with maximum one or two occupants. Such a large machine is often not required. A tumble dryer also occupies the same amount of space, and in a kitchen like Figure 11, it cannot be accommodated. Money Laundry is a very energy intensive procedure, with most of it being used to heat water in the washing process, and then extract water in the drying process (See Energy Efficiency Section x). Detergents are another major consumable that tend to vary in cost greatly, depending upon brand. Not everyone can afford the more expensive detergents, which are proven to be slightly more effective compared to budget variants. One in five adults use less than the recommended dose to make their laundry detergent last longer. (Figure 37.Clothes Washing Products Mintel) And 21% of people in the same survey have switched to supermarket brands to save money. Buying the washing machine and tumble dryer is also very costly with the average B rated models costing approximately  £270 and  £340 respectively. Although, the life expectancy of these products are generally very good according to Appliance Life Expectancy (Demesne 2007). A washing machine is expected to last up to 11 years and a tumble dryer closer to 14 years. Psychology of Laundry A report by Mintel, Clothes Washing Products, theres a section named Consumer Attitudes Towards Laundry'(Mintel 2009) . This report has provided most of the information for this particular section. The underlying topics of this report are costs and convenience. Saving money has become a key influence in doing laundry, and this will be further boosted by the current economic climate and lack of consumer confidence. In a survey conducted by Mintel (Mintel 2009), it showed that 56% of people prefer to buy clothes that do not require dry cleaning. In the same survey it also shows that 27% of people sometimes wash clothes in a washing machine even though they are Dry Clean only items. It shows that people dont want extra hassle. Many consumers are even choosing to not wash their clothes after every wear, and are using smaller doses of detergent to make their money go that bit further. Performing more washes, wears out fabrics quicker. Given the chore of doing the laundry, products that take the hassle out of clothes washing wins the hearts of consumers (Mintel 2009). Consumers will therefore welcome a simpler laundry procedure. Only one in ten people dont separate out colours from whites (Mintel 2009). This shows that there isnt a particular need for a specialist product in this area. The reason for this particular statistic could also be due to the fact it is an extremely well known pre-caution, and people are being far more conscious of making their clothes last longer. Teens are happiest to buy new clothes rather than looking after the ones they already own, which is the contrary to people over the age of 55. They are more likely to follow instructions and buy into more expensive detergents. Teens are less likely to have responsibility with their money, and most often, it is left to the parents to do the laundry. .men are just as cautious, if not more so, than women when it comes to washing their clothes. This is the absolute opposite from the common stereotypical view that men dont have a clue about laundry. Although this claim could partly be because men perform laundry less often than women, and are therefore less familiar with the process. They may feel the need to check the instructions for reassurance as a result. Conclusions A Task Analysis highlighted that the laundry procedure involves too many stages. User Observations showed very little variation between each of the four participants methods taken to wash clothes. People skipped minor processes which they deemed unnecessary. Those living by themselves didnt require a large machine, as it was one of the reasons for washing less frequently. Consumer desire for lower costs and better convenience has been highlighted in the huge decline in Dry Cleaning clothes. Branded detergents are seen as most trusted, although consumers are using less to make their money go further. If less detergent is used, and water content and temperatures were reduced, costs would be massively reduced. Consumers are trying to make their clothes last longer, which can be aided by using less detergent or switching to more natural cleaning products. Laundry was seen as more of a chore amongst the younger participants during observations. They were the ones that supported the use of tumble dryers. Drying clothes outside was favoured by the elderly participants as they believed it produces fresher smelling fabrics. Washing machines tend to dominate smaller kitchens. Any new development must either be smaller, or have the possibility to be positioned away from the kitchen area. New developments to improve the laundry procedure gained very positive reactions by all participants. Concerns include the implications on fabrics and whether cleanliness will be maintained. Laundry times and overall costs need to be reduced too. New developments must account for different water problems, and although none of the participants were aware of the negative impacts detergents have on the environment, eco-efficiency needs to be improved. Other areas where people would like to see improvements include smaller machines or the possibility to wash smaller loads without any affect on efficiency. By making the laundry process more enjoyable or positively interactive would be well received. What are the methods technologies that could clean clothes (Present and Future) This section firstly aims to view the expert opinions with regards to the Future of Laundry. A discussion of Future Technologies that could revolutionise the washing procedure follows. The section concludes with an investigation into technologies from other devices that could benefit the future laundry procedure. Speak to Experts At the end of 2007 Henkel hosted a scientific conference on The Future of Washing. From this conference a publication named the Future of Washing'(Henkel 2008) was produced. Early in the publication it was recommended that innovations must always conform to social, ecological and economic responsibility (Henkel 2008). This suggests that sustainability must remain a key focus for all future developments. Consumers priorities are undergoing definite transformations. Saving energy is what they want most (Henkel 2008). This is quite a change from two years ago when washing efficiency took precedence over energy conservation. This is a result of greater exposure of the current global situations and increasing energy prices. Consumers though, are not willing to back down on standards of hygiene. Out of 100 people interviewed, almost 70% named washing machines as the most indispensable household appliance (Henkel 2009). This suggests that this is a very high risk product, and you cant afford to get it wrong. Consumers are so used to the process at the moment that they will scrutinise any new technologies. Of 65 million washing machines sold each year, most of which are sold in Europe: 25 million (Henkel 2009). As a result, it would be wise to target any new innovations at the European market, since it is the most thriving market. In the future, we will have to be more proactive in addressing segments and matching concepts to specific target groups (Henkel 2008). Washing machines are becoming more intelligent and gaining new features, hence more complex. The older generations, who struggle with all the new gadgets, will no doubt have difficulty. By comparison, many of the younger generations will welcome such features as it adds a new dimension to what is currently quite a mundane task. Throughout the publication, a major highlight has been energy conservation and efficiency. In a personal communication with the founder of http://laundry.about.com, Mary Marlowe Leverette also believed that protecting natural resources is a high priority (Leverette 2009). Mary also gave her personal insight into the Future of Laundry. She thought that there will be greater advances in more energy and environmentally efficient laundry products and techniques, using less water and detergent. She also thought that there will be additional work in the design of fabrics that repel stains and odours (Leverette 2009). See Appendices x Future Technologies Washing With Only a Single Cup of Water Developed by researchers at Leeds University and Xeros. The invention has been proven to wash clothes using only a cup of water, nylon polymer beads and a little detergent. This method is claimed to use only 2% of the water and energy required from an ordinary washer and dryer. The nylon polymer beads have a special polarity that draws the stains out of the clothes and into the centre of the beads. Humidity causes the nylon polymers to become very absorbent. It soaks up the water and dirt, therefore no rinse or spin cycle is required (Go Green Today 2009). The clothes are virtually dry once the cycle is completed, which boosts its green credentials. The main question surrounding this technique regards the disposal of the nylon beads. Each wash requires 20kg of nylon beads, and need to be replaced after approximately six months or 100 washes. So what happens after six months when every household needs to dispose of the beads? The nylon beads are not recyclable. Ultrasound/Ultrasonic Technology Ultrasonic technology applied to the textile washing industry has been a subject of investigation for many years. It has proved effective in the removal of soils from fabrics. There are many negatives that have been preventing it from becoming a commercially viable technique, in particular the relatively high cost of equipment and lack of availability. Fabrics need to be positioned very close to the high intensity source and only a few layers can be penetrated. Institute of Acoustics in Madrid, found that using ultrasound would speed up a washing cycle from 30-45 minutes to 5-10 minutes. Ultrasound works well on grease and dirt (Independent 1994). In Japan, Sanyo have been trying to commercialise a machine that uses Ultrasound technology. Electrodes are placed on the side of the tub, which electrolyze the water. An ultrasonic wave generator at the base of the machine uses sonic waves to generate millions of tiny air bubbles to help loosen grime and grit on clothes in a purely mechanical action. With this product Sanyo have tried to make very few alterations to a current washing machine, meaning its not as effective as it could be. Steam Cleaning Uses clean water to create a powerful cleaning force. It leaves no toxic residues on surfaces and does not stain clothing. Steam is able to kill well known bacteria such as e-coli, listeria, and salmonella; although these are food related bacteria (Earlex 2008). Steam has been recently introduced into some of the latest domestic washing machines, but it cannot be used as the only source of dirt removing agent. When used in conjunction with the regular washing process it can be of good benefit since it can reduce the water content required and can raise the temperature inside the drum using less energy. Silver Nano Technology Clothes washed in a solution of silver ions become sterilised. Water is passed through silver ions, which prevent bacteria and microbes attaching onto the clothes. The silver kills germs whilst oxidation reaction lifts dirt and odours (Washing Machine Reviews 2009). Fabrics that are coated with silver nano become anti-bacterial for upto 30 days. The main problem with silver ions being introduced into the wash cycle is that scientists are not sure of the long-term effects on mankind. Cold water can be used which is a huge eco-benefit, and although some sources state that no detergent is required, others state that a small amount is, on more heavily soiled fabrics. Development of Fabrics: Nano Coating While the idea of using nano-particles to enable textiles to repel dirt and self-clean is not new, the uses to which this technology is being applied and enhanced are increasing almost daily (Just-Style 2008). The Lotus Effect is becoming a far more commonly used term in the textile industry. It is a metaphor being used to describe how water and dirt drip of the structured fabric surface, just like a lotus leaf. The process works by reducing the surface area available for dirt to gather on. This is made possible by coating the fabric with tiny nanoscale wax pyramids (Just-Style 2008). The fabrics are dipped in a solution of nano-whiskers, which contains cotton that is a 1/1000th of the width of cotton fibre. A cushion of air is created, which improves its wrinkle resistance and causes liquids to bead up and roll-off. It is designed for use on cotton, polyester, wool, silk and rayon. Adidas is one of the many large clothing retailers that is using Nano-Tex to protect its sportswear, which suggests that nano-coating has the possibility to eventually become mainstream. Figure x is priced at  £48, which isnt hugely more expensive than non-coated equivalents. Anti-microbial silver particles can be embedded into fabrics which prevents the growth of bacteria and other odours. Though nano-silver is known to darken fabrics; hence pure white fabric will be difficult to produce. As well as the lotus-effect, there have been discussions about Ultraviolet-C light being able to clean nano-coated fabrics. This would be a very economical solution since no water would be required, but there is very little evidence of the viability of this method. Can Technology From Other Devices Be Incorporated? Mangle / Pasta Maker The mangle was designed in the 18th Century to aid the wringing of water from wet laundry. Clothes were passed between two rollers which squeezed water out. A pasta maker uses the same principle to flatten dough. Salad Spinner As the internal basket rotates, centrifugal force pulls the salad to the outer edges where the liquid escapes through the holes. A standard front-loading washing machine uses a very similar method with its perforated drum. This is still a very effective method for removing water. The system of spinning out the water would yet be more efficient if it spun around a vertical axis instead. Jacuzzi Highly pressurised jets plunging water at the clothes from different directions would help to agitate the fabrics very well as the force will open up the fibres. Spherical Roller Bearing This allows random movements around 5-axis. A spherical container to wash the clothes in could stimulate these movements allowing far better agitation of the fabrics. Plunger A plunger is able to create a vacuum in which air and water is able to forcefully loosen dirt from fabrics. This technique would eliminate the need for any rotational movements to agitate the fabrics. Simulate Hand Movements Washing by hands is considered to be the most efficient method of removing stains since it flexes the fibres apart, allowing water and detergent to pass through. So in theory, a device that could simulate hand movement would produce very clean fabrics. Conclusions The publication on the Future of Laundry (Henkel2008), understandably, avoided mentioning developments that did not require detergents as Persil Detergents is one of their brands. A key point in the publication was that sustainability must remain a key focus. Mary Marlowe Leverette also believed that protecting natural resources is very important (Leverette 2009). There is opportunity to target a new product at specific groups. It has already been established that students have different laundry requirements compared to a mother. Considering that Europe is the largest market for new washing machines, new innovations should initially be targeted at this market. Consumers are trying to save energy at all costs. Water is the sole reason why the laundry procedure consumes so much energy. Therefore new developments will need to reduce, if not eliminate water content. The technology, Washing With Only a Single Cup of Water, would provide huge energy savings since the clothes come out virtually dry. Detergent is still required in the wash. There are concerns over the disposal of the vast quantity of nylon beads as they are not recyclable. This is not a sustainable technique. Steam is a good addition to the wash cycle to kill bacteria and allergens, and raise temperatures quickly, but it cannot solely remove dirt. This is the same for silver nano technology. Silver ions can be introduced to a cold wash cycle to kill bacteria. Silver ions will also become embedded into the fabric making it anti-microbial for up to 30 days. There is a vast amount of continuing research into nano-coating fabrics. Top clothing manufacturers are applying the technique to many of their products, which suggests that this could eventually become mainstream. Mary Marlowe Leverette also thought that development of fabrics is the future (Leverette 2009) Another proven technique is ultrasound technology. No detergents are required, but the fabric items need to be placed in close proximity to the source. The Pasta Maker provides inspiration on how this technique can be made feasible. When pasta is passed through the rollers, this could be like clothes being passed through an ultrasound source to remove dirt. The rollers could also remove excess water, like the mangle. A powerful stream in the opposite direction could carry the loosened dirt away. The jacuzzi and spherical roller bearings provide inspiration for random movements. Washing machines only turn around a single axis, but if the clothes could be pounded at from different directions it would agitate them more effectively. All of which leads to simulating hand movements, which provides the ultimate random movements. Can Laundry Become Greener? This section of the report aims to investigate if laundry methods from the past and in other countries could contribute towards a more modern green laundry technique. An investigation into Energy Efficiency of the current laundry methods then follows. Greener Methods From the Past Other Countries In the developing world, laundry is often viewed differently compared to the UK. There are places around the world where washing can be about meaning, about family contribution, about providing nice feelings (Henkel 2009) Is there opportunity to integrate such emotion into the Future of Laundry? This would be good since it will remove the almost robotic and soul-less techniques adopted today. Washing By Hand This is a method that has proved to be most popular over the years and is still in use today. Many sources have suggested that washing clothes by hand produces cleaner results as the flexing of the fibres allows more water to penetrate in, hence agitating the fabric more. Clothes are initially soaked in a basin/faucet containing detergent. The detergent is often dissolved in a small cup beforehand. The clothes are then rinsed several times before hanging out to dry. Its a very time-consuming method, but one that is well established. The wringing action opens up the fibres to allow the detergent water to pass through. For more stubborn stains a washboard (see Figure 3) is commonly used for scrubbing. Modern washing machines struggle to match the cleanliness of the hand-washed clothes since they do not flex the fibres in the same way, but it does massively improve the time consumption of washing and drying. It is far more energy efficient though since all the energy being applied is human intervention. Water availability was a big concern in Mexico as running water was never guaranteed. a key desired feature was the possibility to recycle both wash and rinse water. (Henkel2008) The Lavadero is a specialised wash basin that has been used for washing clothes for years. The surface is inclined so that water accumulates in the deep end whilst the ribs act as a rubbing surface. Water would often be provided by that collected in the roof tanks during heavy rainfall. Dh

Empirical Analysis of Internet User in Dhaka City

Empirical analysis of internet user in Dhaka city BY Md. Faisal BBA (Studying) 4th year Major in International Business Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Email:faisal. [email  protected] com Customer Analysis A questionnaire survey method has been used to analyze the customer of internet services in Dhaka city. We basically tried to find the percentage of internet user, using pattern, nature of expenditure, satisfaction level, and the opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The percentage of internet user in Dhaka City Among all respondents of our survey, 78% people use internet and the rest 22% do not use internet. This is given in the following graph: Figure1. 1: The percentage of internet user in Dhaka City From the above figure, we can easily understand the percentage of internet user in Dhaka City. Among all 78%user, majority are students, businessman, and private employee. On the other hand among all 22%non user, majority are government employee, small and medium (SME) business owner. Using pattern There are many internet services provider in Dhaka City that provide different internet package. As a result the using pattern of people is different. Using pattern can be divided into the following categories: A) Forms of internet used by the people B) Brand preferences C) Package preference A) Forms of internet used by the people Internet can be divided into different forms. These are: (A1) Broadband internet (A2) Wireless Modem (A3) Mobile Internet (A4) Wi-Fi In Dhaka city, people use different forms of internet. The graphical figure of different forms used by the people is given below: Figure: 1. 2 Forms of internet used by the people (%) The figure (1. 2) shows that 74% people use wireless modem, 17% use broadband internet, 7%use mobile internet and 2% use Wi-Fi. This figure clearly mentions that people prefer wireless modem over broadband internet. The reasons are the following: (1)Wireless modem internet provides better speed than broadband. (2)Low connection Cost (3)Prepaid package (4)Suitable for both Desktop computer and the Laptop The people specially the university student have the facility to use Wi-Fi. The Wi-Fi coverage area is very limited in Dhaka City. Some people also use mobile interne B) Brand preferences Many companies in Dhaka city provide internet services. These are the followings: A)Broadband Services provider B)Banglalion Wimax C)Qubee D)Citycell E)Airtel F)Robi G)Banglalink H)GP People use Different Brand. Brand preferences are shown in the following graph: Figure: 1. 3 Brand Preferences The above figure shows that 17% people use broadband internet,30%use banglalion wimax,23%use qubee,7. 5%use citycell ,2. 5%use airtel,and20. 51%use Grameenphone (GP) internet. We can say from our survey that top two brands are banglalion and qubee. Others are the broadbandservics provider, GP, citycell and the airtel. C) Package preference There are many types of internet packages are available . People use different package based on their demand, cost structure, and brand preferences. The following graph shows the different packages used by the people: Figure: 1. 3 package preferences According to the figure 1. 3, it is clear that 43. 5%people use unlimited package, 7. 39%people use internet minipac, 5. 51%people use a package that has limitations of more than 800MB. 35. 56% people use 800MB-1GB package, 7. 69% use 1-2. 5GB package. And 2. 56% use other package. Basically business man and rich people prefer unlimited package. On the other hand students and low income group normally prefer the rest of the package. So 56. 5% do not prefer unlimited package. So the internet services provider of Dhaka city must be careful about this issues while developing new packages. 3. 3: Nature of Expenditure Expenditure for using internet services can be divided into two parts. These are: 1. Initial Connection Charge 2. Monthly using charge 1. Initial connection Charge: If anyone wants to use internet services, first they have to pay for their connection. Connection charge varies from company to company. In Dhaka city the range of connection charge is BDT 1000-3500. 2. Monthly using Charge: Monthly using charge depends on the internet packages which are used by the internet user in Dhaka city. The following table shows the monthly for different packages: Packages Monthly Payment UnlimitedMore than 1000 taka Minipac internetLess than 250 taka 450MB-800MB250-300 taka 800MB-1GB300-350 taka 1GB-2. 5GB350-600taka 2. 5-5GB600-750taka Table 1. 1: Monthly using charge From table 1. 1 we have found that there is a correlation between the internet packages and monthly payment. When the using volume increases the monthly expenditure also increases. 3. 4: Satisfaction level When the people were asked whether they satisfied or not about their internet services, majority replied that they are not satisfied. The following figure shows the satisfaction level of the internet user in Dhaka city: Figure 1. 4: Satisfaction level of the Internet User in Dhaka City The above figure shows that 71. 79% internet users are dissatisfied with their current package. The rest 30. 76% are satisfied. The main reasons of Dissatisfaction are the slow browsing and download speed. From our survey, we found that 96% people get browsing speed less than 256kbps. Only 4% people get browsing speed more than 256kbps. In case of download speed, 30%people get speed less than 20kbps. 35. 89% people get the speed which range is 20-50kbps. 30. 6% people get the speed which range is 50-80kbps. And 5. 12% people get speed more than 100kbps. Because of these slow speeds the internet user has to spend long time to download anything from internet. It also increases their opportunity cost. So they are dissatisfied. Opportunity for a new business to enter into the market: â€Å"Is there any opportunity for a new business to enter into the market? † the answer is yes. The following arguments support this answer: Among all respondents of our survey, 78% people use internet and the rest 22% do not use internet. The user rate is very high. So we can say that the market is potential. Demand is there. Through analysis this demand, a new firm can enter into the market. When the people were asked whether they satisfied or not about their internet services, 71. 79% replied that they are not satisfied. But still they are using internet services. They want to get better. All will prefer high speed internet services. About 67. 85% people suggested to have unlimited packages and they are ready to pay on an average 750 taka per month for their packages. About 32. 15% people suggested having minimum 3GB internet packages and they are ready to pay on an average 350 taka per month for their packages. They are ready to switch their services if any company can satisfy their demand. If a new firm can think that they will satisfy the needs of the customer, they can easily enter into the market. The market is really potential. Many people do not use internet because of their low income level. The price of desktop computer or a laptop is high. But recently Bangladesh has produced its own laptop and notebook at more reasonable prices. The brand name is DOEL. Still now it is not available in the local market. Recently our government has said these laptop and notebook will be available in the market as early as possible. When these will be available in the market, the computer user will be increased. As a result the internet user will also be increased. So it will become an opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The need of information is increasing rapidly. Internet is the major sources of information. Increasing information needs can be a major opportunity for a new business to enter into the market. The use of internet to market, sells, promote, or buy a product or services are increasing rapidly. This may be another opportunity for a new business to enter into the market.

The Most Incredibly Disregarded Solution for Laws of Life Essay Samples

The Most Incredibly Disregarded Solution for Laws of Life Essay Samples The One Thing to Do for Laws of Life Essay Samples People started to stare at me. Everyone would like to feel fulfilled. Everybody wants to be remembered. I awoke to learn I had escaped any significant nerve damage. It won't be any different than every other blood test you've received. Deeper background checks must be run on every individual looking to buy a firearm. They must be conducted on anyone looking to purchase a firearm of any kind. The Ultimate Laws of Life Essay Samples Trick You do what you believe you can do. Red Flag laws ought to be passed nationwide. It's more than simply learning from books. Listed below are two or three ideas to follow. Education is a significant medium of acquiring essential knowledge and techniques. The Unexpected Truth About Laws of Life Essay Samples Generally, the major undertaking of pedestrians is to continue being vigilant and monitor the situation on the street, while drivers need to keep in mind an entire set of rules about how to drive properly when they approach a pedestrian crosswalk. At precisely the same time, many such tasks require the analysis of particular case studies, which automatically presupposes plenty of attention and time. The moment you save another edition of the template, simply add, remove, or alter any info for this record, and you'll have the new job done in a portion of this moment. You should have all pieces of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in their entire entirety. Due to traffic signals, road users are much simpler to monitor the scenario, but they're not installed everywhere, so there's a need to understand and comply with the laws governing the right of way. It's even worse when several deadlines coincide with one another. Contemplating the rights of pedestrians, it's well worth noting they enjoy the right of way if they're already at a crosswalk. The obstacles t hat we face now aren't simple to overcome unless we've got new copyright laws that will handle the obstacles directly. The Laws of Life Essay Samples Cover Up The majority of the copyrighted works can be retrieved through the internet nowadays and it proves difficult to follow along with the laws that govern it since there some instances of automatic copies that are created to the computer. You thus should summarize the big points and don't incorporate any new details. In an exploratory paper, you are requested to look past the obvious answers to be able to discover different points of view which can occasionally help in solving the issue. Write down a number of your thoughts on another sheet and make an essay outline to organize all your content. A Secret Weapon for Laws of Life Essay Samples Rather than attempting to fix the issue, this kind of paper explores the different perspectives of the issue and seeks to understand the cultural and social context of the problem. Sta rt Writing the First Essay Draft Quickly and Efficiently The very best academic writers suggest you compose the very first essay draft as promptly and efficiently as possible. Essays could be lightly modified for readability or to defend the anonymity of contributors, but we don't edit essay examples before publication. We also provide an ideal law essay example that could direct you when dealing with these kinds of papers all on your own. The Tried and True Method for Laws of Life Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Our education is truly worth investment. So without an education an individual would be quite disorderly. For example he can chose if they wish to receive an education unlike today's society where every person is required by law to have at least completed 10 years of education. A person free of education doesn't develop the typical sense that is needed for a normal way of life.

The Romantic And Victorian Eras Of English History

All throughout history, cultures and societies across the globe have utilized monsters and creature to illustrate anxieties and fears that they possess. The same can be said for works of literature and art. These authors use these anxieties, personify them, and use them to exaggerate the fears of the readers. In short, the monsters/creatures that are developed in each literary era render and personify the biggest anxieties and viewpoints of the society that shaped the monster/creature In the case of the Victorian/Romantic era in British Literature; many authors discussed the many conflicting feelings about science and the social position women at the time. Both the Romantic and Victorian eras of English history was the product of the scientific developments that took place during these periods of history. The Romantic era was the response artists, authors, and society in general had from the Age of Reason (or Enlightenment), where the major philosophers and scientists of the day affi rmed that humans could change through rational ways of thinking. These Romantic writers chose the supernatural or miracles over the scientific method as well as passion over reason. Similarly, the Victorian era witnessed many major scientific discoveries and writings such as Charles Lyell’s â€Å"Principles of Geology† and Charles Darwin’s â€Å"Origin of Species† and â€Å"The Decent of Man†. These works terrified the growing Evangelical movement because they feared the thought of the human species sharingShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 PagesNicole Beltran English IV- C Ms. Gordon 18 March 2015 Research Paper Throughout history, many time periods have been similar and different from each other. People from each time period decide what they want to continue incorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crisesRead MoreThe Victorian Era1706 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, cultures and societies across the globe have used monsters or any sort of creature to exemplify anxieties and fears that they have. The same can be said for works of literature and art. These authors use these anxieties, personify them, and use them to exaggerate the fears of the readers. In short, the monsters/creatures that are created in each literary era depict and personify the biggest fears and viewpoints of the society that it was written in. In the case of the Victorian/RomanticRead M oreCompare And Contrast Different Literature Periods1452 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish Literature Periods Literature by definition according to Oxford dictionary is the written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. Literature has classified into several periods. Which has affected by the surrounding events in the society in each period like economic levels, war and peace. Literature is considering as a human creation is differing from the other because of the changing in the society and language development in every period. This essayRead MoreEnglish Language And Composition Of The Victorian Era1320 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Linares Ms. Sipars AP English Language and Composition 15 September 2015 Response #1 England’s Victorian Era was a very influential and interesting Era that took place during the time that Queen Victoria was the Queen of England. The Victorian Era started around 1830 and lasted up until the start of the 20th Century. During this Era England became very powerful. Many amazing masterpieces were created by great artists like Oscar Wilde and Charles Dickens. The three class system which weRead MoreThe Major Works of Thomas Carlyle Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages The Victorian Age which extended from 1837 to 1901 was an era of great social change and intellectual advancement. The steady advance of democratic ideals and the progress of scientific thought (Compton-Rickett, page 405) were the chief factors influencing the life of the times. The age was marked by conflicting explanations and theories, of scientific and economic confidence and of social and spiritual pessimism, of a sharpened awareness of the inevitability of progress and of deep disquietRead MoreThe R omantic Period and the Victorian Age in Great Britain Essays1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic Period (1785-1830) was a very turbulent period, during which England experienced the ordeal of change from a primarily agricultural society to a modern industrial nation. French Revolution and storming of the Bastille had a great influence on English society and literature. It influenced almost every sphere of life. The Victorian Age (1830-1901) was a period of great progress and prosperity for the nation. This was a period in which industry, technology, and science were celebratedRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of British Literature1536 Words   |  7 Pagesauthors who left a mark in history and helped shaped the time period each one was born and lived in. In all three eras, the Romantic, the Victorian, and The Contemporary or Modern, all the poets visited different themes throughout their work such as religion, spirituality, nature, imagination, and love. A very important and prevalent theme is love, which all poets of each time period express in many different ways. Love in British Literature is much more than just romantic and simple type of love,Read MoreEssay on Victorian Age1258 Words   |  6 Pages The Year 1837 was very significant. It was not only the year that Queen Victoria acceded the throne, but also the year that a new literary age was coined. The Victorian Age, more formally known, was a time of great prosperity in Great Britains literature. The Victorian Age produced a variety of changes. Political and social reform produced a variety of reading among all classes. The lower-class became more self-conscious, the middle class more powerful and the rich became more vulnerable. The novelsRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth and Matthew Arnold1759 Words   |  8 PagesRomantic and Victorian Eras in British Literature The Romantic Period, which included the years 1798-1832, was an era revolting against the 18th century literary style. The time period was filled with poets who dramatically poured their beliefs into their writings and poetry such as William Wordsworth, a very notable Romantic poet during this time period. In stark contrast, the Victorian Period was a time during which poets wrote about the environment that surrounded them, and tended to have a pessimisticRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And Matthew Arnold Essay1795 Words   |  8 PagesRomantic and Victorian Eras in British Literature The Romantic Period, which included the years 1798-1832, was an era revolting against the 18th century literary style. The time period was filled with poets who dramatically poured their beliefs into their writings and poetry such as William Wordsworth, a very notable Romantic poet during this time period. In stark contrast, the Victorian Period was a time during which poets wrote about the environment that surrounded them, and tended to have a